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| 1867 |
| | | Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel patents dynamite, making the volatile explosive nitroglycerine safer by combining it with kieselguhr | |
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| 1875 |
| | | Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt has its premiere in Oslo, with incidental music by Edvard Grieg | |
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| 1879 |
| | | Henrik Ibsen's play A Doll's House signals a new direction in drama in its frank treatment of tensions within a marriage | |
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| 1890 |
| | | Henrik Ibsen publishes his play Hedda Gabler, with its powerfully manipulative central character, a year before it is first produced (in Germany) | |
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| 1893 |
| | | Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen sails into the Arctic in the purpose-built Fram, beginning a three-year expedition to reach the North Pole | |
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| 1896 |
| | | Jean Sibelius's 'symphonic legend' The Swan of Tuonela has its premiere in Helsinki | |
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| 1900 |
| | | Jean Sibelius's Finlandia stirs national instincts in Helsinki | |
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| 1903 |
| | | Sibelius writes Valse Triste as incidental music to a play, Kuolema, by his brother-in-law Arvid Järnefelt | |
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| 1904 |
| | | Finnish architect Gottlieb Eliel Saarinen wins the competition to build Helsinki's railway station | |
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| 1905 |
| | | More than 360,000 Norwegians vote to end the union with Sweden, with only 184 against | |
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